Thai boxing (Muaythai)

Thai boxing (Muaythai)

Bright neon lights flood the ring, just like the sun scorching down onto the battleground, revealing two men going through their spiritual 'Wai Khru' (a ceremony to thank their revered teachers, spirits, boxing ring and the sport itself). The blaring sound of Thai classical instruments and the deafening cheering of ecstatic spectators in the stadium don't seem to distract the two 'warriors'.
Following the 'Wai Khru' ritual, they go straight into 'Ram Muay', a dance where each boxer demonstrates his skills and style. These pre-match ceremonies are believed to bring good luck, protection, respect, and a fair and honourable fight to the boxers. Once all the formalities are out of the way, it's time for action. But watch out, things can get bloody and gory...

A Brief History of Thai Boxing

Almost as ancient as the country itself, the art of Thai boxing is deeply ingrained in the history of Thailand. It is believed that the forbears of the modern Thai migrated from the South of China. In the course of their exodus, they had to hide from aggressive attackers and met with resistance from local people. A great number of battles had been fought and countless lives had been lost. The wars were fought using ancient weapons like bows, arrows, knives and spears. However, during the close-contact combat these weapons became cumbersome and thus arms, legs, elbows and knees were used to fight instead. These bodily weapons must have worked, because Muay Thai was later adopted as a required part of military training and became one of the skills expected of a real (brave) man in those days.

During the Ayudhya Period (1365 - 1768), Thailand (then Siam) had to fight a series of gruelling battles against neighbouring Burma, Cambodia and Vietnam. King Naresuan, ruling the country at the time, was a trained boxer himself. When he was captured during one of the battles, the King was given a chance to fight with Burma's top fighters in exchange for freedom. He returned to Siam as a hero and, not too long after, 'Siamese-style' boxing was recognised as a national sport. Muay Thai was at its zenith of popularity during the time of Pra Chao Sua (the Tiger King), when it was widely practiced in all levels of society. The King was well-known for his deep passion for Muay Thai and said to have participated incognito in various village contests and won many titles.

When Ayudhya fell, many Thais became Prisoners of War. One of them was a fighter named Nai Khanomtom. He was captured and taken to Rangoon, where he was requested by the King of Burma to fight against the Burmese champion. Nai Khanomtom prepared himself for the fight by performing the ritual 'Wai Khru'. When the fight began, he charged out at his opponent and quickly defeated him. The people were convinced that the Burmese opponent was distracted by the 'Wai Khru' and this rendered the knockout void. The King then asked Nai Khanomtom to fight again to prove himself, this time against nine other Burmese champions. Nai Khanomtom beat them all in a row and was granted freedom to return to Siam, where he had been a boxing legend since.

Muay Thai was banned during the 1920's due to an alarming rate of injury. However, it was later reinstated (1937) with a new set of rules for protecting contestants. And at the time of the Revolutionary Period permanent boxing stadiums were set up around the country, but they ceased to exist when World War II broke out. However, when the war ended, boxing stadiums re-appeared. In 1945, Thai people saw the advent of Rajdamnern Stadium, Thailand's very first standard boxing stadium.

Today, Muay Thai is said to be one of the deadliest forms of martial arts in the world. Although the number of participants have decreased over the years, Muay Thai is still a popular spectator sport. Television networks broadcast fights five days a week, and match results are reported in all major newspapers. International boxing is also very popular, and the country has produced dozens of world champions, who all started out as Muay Thai fighters though. Recently, many Thai films have been made to celebrate the art of Muay Thai. 'Beautiful Boxer' tells the story of a fascinating transvestite boxer while 'Ong Bak' and 'Tom Yum Goong' feature Tony Jaa, Muay Thai sensation who has been hailed as the new Jackie Chan. These films seem to have revived Muay Thai's popularity in Thailand and spreading the art of Muay Thai all over the world.

ขอบคุณข้อมูลจาก www.bangkok.com

www.oknation.net

Full Moon Party

Koh Phangan is a very special place, there are few places in this world where you can live out your desert island dreams of palm trees and white sand beaches, and still have a blinding night out at a rocking party every month. With the global notoriety that the Full Moon Party has gained as being one of the biggest and best beach bashes in the world, we get more than our fair share of hedonists gracing our shores. Each year the scene here grows with the ever-increasing number of party faithful that return, bringing their mates and spreading the vibe.

There are about 10,000 to 20,000 people attending every month at this Koh Phangan beach party. It is of course known as the Full Moon Party. International and Thai DJ's are entertaining the party until the crowd go wild. Paint yourself in UV colours and let your body lose control. The DJ's play all kinds of music; techno, trance, goa, drum n' bass, dub, reggae, commercial hits, house etc. on about 15 sound systems along Haad Rin beach. There are also many small tables on the beach where you can sit down with your friends or meet new friends from all corners of the globe. You can order drinks and food from the restaurants and bars next to the Haad Rin Nok beach. Full moon party day.

Tlavel in Bangkok-3

Wat Ratchaburana Ratchavoraviharn (Thai: วัดราชบุรณราชวรวิหาร) ist ein buddhistischer Tempel (Wat) am südlichen Ende der so genannten Rattanakosin-Insel im Bezirk Phra Nakhon in Bangkok, Thailand.

++Geschichte++

Wat Ratchaburana wurde bereits in der späten Ayutthaya-Periode erbaut. Sein Name war zunächst „Wat Liab“ (Thai: วัดเลียบ), da er von einem chinesischen Kaufmann namens Liab erbaut worden war. Während der Thonburi-Periode (1767-1782) war hier der Sitz des Obersten Mönchspatriarchen des thailändischen Sangha. Nach der Gründung Bangkoks 1782 durch König Puttha Yodfa, der später Rama I. genannt wurde, wurde der Tempel zunächst von Chaofa Krommaluang, einem Enkel von König Puttha Yodfa restauriert. Danach bekam er seinen heutigen Namen Wat Ratchaburana Ratchaworaviharn und wurde in den Rang eines „Königlichen Tempels Zweiter Klasse“ erhoben.

In der Regierungszeit von König Phutta Loetla (Rama II.) wurden 162 Buddha-Statuen, die 1767 die Zerstörung der alten Hauptstadt Ayutthaya durch die Burmesen „überlebt“ hatten, aus dem ganzen Land in diesen Tempel gebracht. Für 80 besondere Statuen wurde ein neuer Viharn erbaut.
Weil der Tempel neben dem Wat-Liab-Umspannwerk („Wat Liab Power Plant“) lag, wurde er durch Luftangriffe während des Zweiten Weltkrieges so stark beschädigt, dass er aus der Liste der Königlichen Tempel gestrichen wurde. Später jedoch schaffte es der Abt Phra Khuna Charawat mit Hilfe der in der Umgebung wohnenden Bevölkerung, den Tempel wieder aufzubauen. Der heutige Ubosot wurde 1960 erbaut, der alte Prang aus der Ayutthaya-Zeit wurde 1962 restauriert.

ขอขอบคุณ www.wikipedea.org

travel in Bangkok-2

One of the high spots of the Thai calendar is the annual New Year celebration, or Songkran, which falls on or around April 13, when the sun moves into Aries. This national holiday lasts for three days or more. The word 'Songkran' originates from the Sanskrit meaning 'beginning of the solar year'. The holiday-loving Thais therefore get to celebrate New Year three times each year: the Western New Year on January 1, the Chinese New Year in February, and the Thai New Year in April.
Traditionally, Thais visit temples at this time of year to offer food to the monks and to participate in bathing ceremonies for Buddha images. At home, young people pour scented water into the hands of their parents and elders as a mark of respect and to receive the blessing of the older folk.
Another custom is the releasing of small fish into rivers and canals. This merit-making act is thought to come from the old practice of collecting small fish from dried out pools, to keep and later release back into the wild.
These days, Songkran has turned into a water-throwing funfest, in which anyone and everyone is liable to get thoroughly drenched-a blessed relief in this, the hottest season of the year.
The water-throwing custom may have come from the mythical belief that sea serpents or 'naga' bring on the rains by spouting water from the sea. Water throwing may therefore have been a rain-making custom to guarantee ample water for next year's crops.
Bangkok is at its quietest at Songkran, as many of the revelers have gone back to their upcountry homes for the long holidays. The roads are remarkably traffic-free. Most of the action in the city is concentrated at places like Khao San Road, a traditional hangout for young backpackers, which turns into a free-fire water-sloshing zone for the duration of the holidays. More traditional celebrations are held near the Grand Palace, with bathing of the sacred Phra Buddha Sihing image. A Miss Songkran contest is held in the Wisutkasat area, accompanied by merit making, fun and entertainment.
Whatever part of Thailand you happen to be in, the only way to stay dry at this time of year is to stay in your room alone. So get out, get soaked and join in the fun in Thailand's very traditional, very unique and very 'sanuk' Songkran water festival.

ขอบคุณข้อมูลดี ๆ จาก www.thailand.com

ขอบคุณรูปภาพจาก www.thaimtb.com

Tlavel in Bangkok-1

Bangkok

The city of Bangkok is the capital, largest urban area and primary city of Thailand. Known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (กรุงเทพมหานคร or Krung Thep ) for short, it was a small trading post at the mouth of the Chao Phraya River during the Ayutthaya Kingdom and came to the forefront of Thailand when it was given the status as the capital city in 1768 after the burning of Ayudhya, the former kingdom seat and capital of the Ayuthaya province. It was also ranked by "Travel and Leisure," as the best city in the world for the year 2008.
However, the current Rattanakosin Kingdom did not begin until 1782 when the capital was moved across the river after being sacked by the Burmese. The Rattanakosin capital is now more formally called "Phra Nakorn", pertaining to the ancient boundaries in the metropolis' core and the name Bangkok now incorporates the urban build-up since the 18th century which has its own public administration and governor.
In the span of over two hundred years, Bangkok has been the political, social and economic center of not only Thailand but for much of South East Asia and Indochina as well. Its influence in the arts, politics, fashion, education and entertainment as well as being a business, financial and cultural center of Asia has given Bangkok the status of a global city.
Bangkok is the world's 22nd largest city by population with approximately 8,160,522 registered residents (July 2007), but due to large unregistered influxes of migrants from the North East of Thailand and of many nations across Asia, the population of greater Bangkok is estimated at nearly 15 million people.[citation needed] This has in turn shifted the country from being a rather homogenous Thai population to increasingly a more vibrant mix of Western, Indian and Chinese people. The capital is part of the heavily urbanized triangle of central and eastern region of Thailand which stretches from Nakhon Ratchasima along Bangkok to the industrialized eastern seaboard.
The Bangkok Province borders six other provinces: Nonthaburi, Pathum Thani, Samut Prakan, Samut Sakhon and Nakhon Pathom, and all five provinces are joined in the conurbation of the Bangkok Metropolitan Area.

The Bangkok special administrative area covers 1,568.7 km2 (606 sq mi), making it the 68th largest province in Thailand. Much of the area is considered the city of Bangkok, therefore making it one of the largest cities in the world. The Chao Phraya River, which stretches 372 km (231 mi), is Bangkok's main geographical feature. The Chao Phraya River basin, the area surrounding Bangkok, and the nearby provinces comprise a series of plains and river deltas that lead into the Bay of Bangkok about 30 km (19 mi) south of the city center. This gave rise to Bangkok's appellation as the "Venice of the East" due to the number of canals and passages that divide the area into separate patches of land. The city once used these canals, which were plentiful within Bangkok itself, as divisions for city districts. However, as the city grew in the second half of the 20th century, the plan was abandoned and a different system of division was adopted.
Bangkok lies about two meters (6.5 ft) above sea level, which causes problems for the protection of the city against floods during the monsoon season. Often after a downpour, water in canals and the river overflows the banks, resulting in massive floods. The Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) has recently installed higher banks alongside some canals to keep water levels from reaching street level. There are however some downsides for Bangkok's extensive canal routes, as the city is rumored to be sinking an average of two inches a year as it lies entirely on a swamp

Tourism

Bangkok is considered to be one of the world's top tourist hotspots. According to Travel and Leisure magazine it is Asia's best tourist destination, the third in the world in 2006 and overall best city in the world in 2008. It is also voted the best city in Asia according to Conde Nast Traveler magazine. Bangkok is Thailand's major tourist gateway, which means that the majority of foreign tourists arrive in Bangkok. The Tourism Authority of Thailand hopes to draw 15 million tourists in 2007, up from 11.6 million in 2005. The city boasts some of the country's most visited historical venues such as the Grand Palace, Wat Pho, and Wat Arun. There are numerous projects to maintain Bangkok's historic sites in the Rattanakosin area and river districts. Bangkok is known as Orient's most cosmopolitan city and until now preserves its cultural heritage which makes it an irresistible place to visit

ขอขอบคุณ www.wikipedeia.com

travel in Phuket-2

Hat Patong (หาดป่าตอง) 15 kilometres from town, Patong is Phuket's most developed beach which offers numerous leisure, sporting, shopping and recreational options along its 3-kilometre long crescent bay. Windsurfing, snorkelling, sailing, swimming and sunbathing number among the many popular daytime activities. Patong is equally well known for its vibrant nightlife, among which seafood restaurants feature prominently.




Laem Phromthep (แหลมพรหมเทพ) Phromthep Cape is a headland forming the extreme south end of Phuket. "Phrom" is Thai for the Hindu term, "Brahma," signifying purity, and "Thep" means 'God.' Local villagers used to refer to the cape as "Laem Chao", or the God's Cape, and it was an easily recognizable landmark for the early seafarers traveling up the Malay Peninsula from the sub-continent.






Hat Karon (หาดกะรน) The second largest of Phuket's tourist beaches, some 20 kilometres from town. Large resort complexes line the road behind of the shoreline, but the long, broad beach itself has no development. The sand is very white, and squeaks audibly when walked upon. There are plenty of restaurants and tourist stores right across the street from the beach. The southern point has a fine coral reef stretching toward Kata and Bu Island. There is also its sister beach Karon Noi.









View Point (จุดชมวิว) This is located mid-point between Nai Han and Kata beaches. The scenic Kata Noi, Kata and Karon beaches, and Ko Pu Island can be viewed from this point.


Wat Chalong (วัดฉลองหรือวัดไชยธาราราม) This is where stands the cast statue of Luang Pho Cham, who helped the people of Phuket put down the Angyee, or Chinese Coolie Rebellion, in 1876 during the reign of Rama V. There are also statues of Luang Pho Chuang, and Luang Pho Cham, abbots of the temple during later times.



Khao Phra Thaeo Wildlife Conservation Development and Extension Centre (สถานีพัฒนาและส่งเสริมการอนุรักษ์สัตว์ป่าเขาพระแทว) Its duty is to promote, distribute and wildlife within Khao Phra Thaeo wildlife park. The park is full of virgin forest and also actively conserves a number of wild animals; they would otherwise be extinct in Phuket. It is a center for study of the environment and the forest vegetation is spectacular. Giant trees supported by huge buttresses are thick with creepers and climbers of every description

ขอบคุณข้อมูลดีๆ จาก ::wikipedia

Tlavel in Phuket-1

Phuket (Thai: ภูเก็ต, formerly known as Tha-Laang or Talang, or Junk Ceylon in Western sources, a distortion of the Malay Tanjung Salang, i.e. "Cape Salang")[1] is one of the southern provinces (changwat) of Thailand. Neighbouring provinces are (from north clockwise) Phang Nga and Krabi, but as Phuket is an island there are no land boundaries.
Phuket is Thailand’s largest island, approximately the size of Singapore. The island is connected to mainland Thailand by a bridge. It is situated off the west coast of Thailand in the Andaman Sea. The region has an area of approximately 570sqm and it’s made up of 1 large and 39 small islands. Phuket formerly derived its wealth from tin and rubber.[citation needed] The island was on one of the major trading routes between India and China, and was frequently mentioned in foreign trader’s ship logs. The region now derives much of its income from tourism.

++History++

In the 17th century, the Dutch, the English, and from the 1680s the French, competed with each other for trade with the island of Phuket (the island was named Junk Ceylon at that time), which was valued as a very rich source of tin. In September 1680, a ship from the French East India Company visited Phuket and left with a full cargo of tin. In 1681 or 1682, the Siamese king Narai, who was seeking to reduce Dutch and English influence, named Governor of Phuket the French medical missionary Brother René Charbonneau, a member of the Siam mission of the Société des Missions Etrangères. Charbonneau held the position of Governor until 1685.
In 1685, king Narai confirmed the French tin monopoly in Phuket to a French ambassador, the Chevalier de Chaumont.[3] Chaumont's former maître d'hôtel Sieur de Billy was named governor of the island.[4] The French were expelled from Siam in 1688 however, following the 1688 Siamese revolution. On April 10, 1689, the French general Desfarges led an expedition to re-capture the island of Phuket in an attempt to restore some sort of French control in Siam.[5] The occupation of the island led nowhere, and Desfarges returned to Pondicherry in January 1690.
The Burmese attacked Phuket in 1785. Captain Francis Light, a British East India Company captain passing by the island, sent word to the local administration that he had observed Burmese forces preparing to attack. Than Phu Ying Chan, the wife of the recently deceased governor, and her sister Mook(คุณมุก) then assembled what forces they could. After a month-long siege, the Burmese were forced to retreat March 13, 1785. The two women became local heroines, receiving the honorary titles Thao Thep Krasatri and Thao Si Sunthon from King Rama I. During the reign of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V), Phuket became the administrative center of the tin-producing southern provinces. In 1933 Monthon Phuket (มณฑลภูเก็ต)was dissolved and Phuket became a province by itself. Old names of the island include Ko Thalang

Phuket is the biggest island in Thailand, located in the Andaman Sea off southern Thailand. The island is mostly mountainous with a mountain range in the west of the island from the north to the south. The mountains of Phuket form the southern end of the Phuket mountain range, which ranges for 440 km from the Kra Isthmus. The highest elevation of the island is Mai Thao Sip Song (Twelve Canes), at 529 m above sea level. It is estimated that Phuket has a total area of approximately 570 square kilometers (including the provinces other islands). The main island’s total length, from north to south, is about at 50 kilometers and approximately 20 kilometers wide.
Forest, rubber and palm oil plantations cover 60% of the island.[citation needed] The western coast has several sandy beaches, while on the east coast beaches are more often muddy. Near the southernmost point is Laem Promthep (Brahma's Cape), which is a popular sunset viewing point. In the mountainous north of the island is the Khao Phra Thaeo Non-hunting Area, protecting more than 20 km² of rainforest. The three highest peaks of this reserve are the Khao Prathiu (384 m), Khao Bang Pae (388 m) and Khao Phara (422 m). The Sirinat National Park on the northwestern coast was established in 1981 and protects an area of 90 km² (68 km² marine area), including the Nai Yang beach where sea turtles lay their eggs.
One of the most popular tourist areas on Phuket is Patong Beach on the central western coast, perhaps owing to the easy access to its wide and long beach. Most of Phuket's nightlife and its cheap shopping is located in Patong, and the area has become increasingly developed. Patong means "the forest filled with banana leaves" in Thai. Other popular beaches are located south of Patong. In a counterclockwise direction these include Karon Beach, Kata Beach, Kata Noi Beach, and around the southern tip of the island, Nai Harn Beach and Rawai. To the north of Patong are Kamala Beach, Surin Beach and Bang Tao Beach. These areas are generally much less developed than Patong, and sought out by individuals, families and other groups with a preference for more relaxed and less crowded environs than Patong. There are many islands to the southeast, including Bon Island, just a short boat trip away. There are several coral islands to the south of Phuket, the Similan Islands lie to the north west, and Phi Phi Islands to the south east. Islanders engage in a lively tourist trade, catering to snorkellers and scuba divers.

ขอบคุณข้อมูลดีดีจาก ::Wikipedia

Tlavel in Chiangrai-3

wat pa suk in Chiang saen

Chiang Saen (Thai: เชียงแสน) is a district (amphoe) in the northern part of Chiang Rai Province, northern Thailand.

History

Long an important city (Mueang) in Lanna Kingdom, Chiang Saen was sacked by King Kawila during the reign of Rama I as the city has been the Burmese base of operation in the preceding years. The city was deserted, while its inhabitants resettled in other Bangkok-allied Lanna cities such as Lampang and Chiang Mai. Several ancient ruins are found in the old cities, for example, Wat Pa Sak hosts a well preserved Lanna style 'Prathat'.
The Mueang was converted into a district at the beginning of the 20th century, with an additional minor district (King Amphoe) also named Chiang Saen covering the central area. The minor district was abolished in 1925.[1] The minor district was recreated two years laters, then named Chiang Saen Luang (เชียงแสนหลวง).[2] In 1939 the minor district was renamed to Chiang Saen, while the former district Chiang Saen became Mae Chan. The minor district was upgraded to a full district on April 6 1957.

อำเภอเชียงแสน เป็นอำเภอหนึ่งของจังหวัดเชียงราย ลักษณะภูมิประเทศเป็นที่ราบ มีซากโบราณสถานของเมืองเชียงแสนเก่าอยู่ในบริเวณตัวอำเภอ ปัจจุบันเป็นแหล่งท่องเที่ยวและท่าเรือขนส่งสินค้าที่สำคัญในภาคเหนือ นอกจากนี้เชียงแสนมีพื้นที่ซึ่งเรียกว่า สามเหลี่ยมทองคำ อันเป็นบริเวณที่บรรจบกันของชายแดนสามประเทศ คือ ไทย ลาว และพม่า

ประวัติ

ในปี พ.ศ. 2413 รัชสมัยพระบาทสมเด็จพระจุลจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว พระเจ้าอินทวิชยานนท์ (พระเจ้านครเชียงใหม่) ได้ทรงส่งใบบอกข้อราชการไปยังกรุงเทพมหานครว่า มีชาวพม่า ไทลื้อ และไทเขินจากเมืองเชียงตุงประมาณ 300 ครอบครัวได้อพยพลงมาอยู่เมืองเชียงแสนและตั้งตนเป็นอิสระไม่ยอมอยู่ใต้การปกครองของสยามและล้านนา จึงแต่งคนไปว่ากล่าวให้ถอยออกจากเมือง ถ้าอยากจะอยู่ ให้อยู่ภายใต้การบังคับบัญชาของเมืองเชียงรายและนครเชียงใหม่ แต่ก็ไม่ได้ผล ไม่มีใครยอมออกไป
ในปี พ.ศ. 2417 พระเจ้านครเชียงใหม่จึงทรงเกณฑ์กำลัง 4,500 คน จากเมืองต่าง ๆ ยกทัพจากนครเชียงใหม่มาเมืองเชียงรายและ เมืองเชียงแสน ไล่ชนเหล่านั้นออกจากเมืองเชียงแสน จึงทำให้เชียงแสนกลายเป็นเมืองร้าง จนถึงปี พ.ศ. 2423 ได้ทรงให้เจ้าอินต๊ะ ราชโอรสในพระเจ้าบุญมาเมือง พระเจ้าผู้ครองนครลำพูนมาเป็นเจ้าเมือง (ราชวงศ์ทิพย์จักราธิวงศ์) องค์แรก และให้พระเจ้าผู้ครองนครลำพูนทรงเกณฑ์ราษฎรจากหลาย ๆ เมืองประมาณ 1,500 ครอบครัว ขึ้นมาตั้งรกราก "ปักซั้งตั้งถิ่น" อยู่ที่เมืองเชียงแสนจวบจนถึงปัจจุบัน
ต่อมาในปี พ.ศ. 2442 ทางราชการได้ย้ายศูนย์การปกครองเมืองไปอยู่ที่ตำบลกาสา เรียกชื่อว่า อำเภอเชียงแสน ส่วนบริเวณเมืองเชียงแสนเดิมถูกยุบลงเป็น กิ่งอำเภอเชียงแสนหลวง ขึ้นกับอำเภอเชียงแสน และต่อมาได้เปลี่ยนชื่อเป็น กิ่งอำเภอเชียงแสน ในปี พ.ศ. 2482 (โดยอำเภอเชียงแสนซึ่งตั้งอยู่ที่ตำบลกาสานั้นได้เปลี่ยนชื่อเป็นอำเภอแม่จันแทน) จนกระทั่งได้รับการยกฐานะเป็น อำเภอเชียงแสน ตั้งแต่ปี พ.ศ. 2500 เป็นต้นมา

ขอบคุณข้อมูลดี ๆ จาก :: http://www.wikipedia.com/

Tlavel in Chiangrai-2

Mae Sai is the northernmost district (amphoe) of Chiang Rai Province in northern Thailand. It is a major border crossing between Thailand and Myanmar, which Asian Highway Network AH2 (Thailand Route 1 or Phahonyothin Road) crossing the Mae Sai River to the town Tachileik in Myanmar. 1 day passes for non-Burma nationals are issued at Burma customs in Tachileik, passports are confiscated and a travel temporary travel permit is issued which is exchanged for your passport upon crossing back into Thailand

History

The minor district (King Amphoe) Mae Sai was created on March 1 1939, when the two tambon Mae Sai and Pong Pha were split off from Chiang Saen district. It was upgraded to a full district on May 1 1950

Administration

The district is subdivided into 8 subdistricts (tambon), which in turn are further subdivided into 92 villages (muban). There are two subdistrict municipalities (thesaban tambon) within the district - Mai Sai itself covering parts of the tambon Mae Sai and Wiang Phang Kham, and Huai Khrai covering parts of the tambon Huai Khrai. There are further 8 Tambon administrative organizations (TAO).

อำเภอแม่สาย เป็นอำเภอเหนือสุดของจังหวัดเชียงรายและเหนือสุดของประเทศไทย มีเขตแดนตอนเหนือติดกับประเทศพม่า และมีด่านชายแดนไทย-พม่า เรียกว่า "ด่านแม่สาย" สามารถผ่านด่านข้ามไปยังจังหวัดท่าขี้เหล็กของพม่าได้โดยมีแม่น้ำสายเป็นพรมแดนทางธรรมชาติ

อำเภอแม่สายตั้งอยู่ทางทิศเหนือสุดของจังหวัด มีอาณาเขตติดต่อกับเขตการปกครองข้างเคียงดังต่อไปนี้
ทิศเหนือ ติดต่อกับรัฐฉาน (ประเทศพม่า) ทิศตะวันออก ติดต่อกับรัฐฉาน (ประเทศพม่า) และอำเภอเชียงแสน ทิศใต้ ติดต่อกับอำเภอเชียงแสน อำเภอแม่จัน และอำเภอแม่ฟ้าหลวง ทิศตะวันตก ติดต่อกับรัฐฉาน (ประเทศพม่า)

ประวัติความเป็นมา

แม่สายเมื่อ 60 ปีที่แล้วเป็นหมู่บ้านเล็ก ๆ ติดพรมแดนพม่าที่ท่าขี้เหล็ก เป็นหมู่บ้านที่เงียบสงบ ไม่พลุกพล่านเช่นปัจจุบัน แต่เดิมบริเวณแม่สาย เป็นหมู่บ้านเวียงพานคำ (ภายหลังเพี้ยนเป็นเวียงพางคำ) เขตปกครองของตำบลแม่สาย อำเภอแม่จัน จังหวัดเชียงราย ได้รับการยกฐานะเป็น กิ่งอำเภอแม่สาย ขึ้นกับอำเภอแม่จัน ในปี พ.ศ. 2481 ต่อมาเมื่อวันที่ 1 พฤษภาคม พ.ศ. 2493 ได้ยกฐานะเป็น อำเภอแม่สาย โดยได้ทำการเปิดอาคารที่ว่าการอำเภอหลังแรก เมื่อวันที่ 14 มกราคม พ.ศ. 2494

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Tlavel in Chiangrai-1

Chiang Rai is both a city and a province in Thailand. For the province, see Chiang Rai Province.Mueang Chiang Rai (Thai: เชียงราย; locally (Kham Muang) Ciang Hai; (Lao) also Xieng Hai) is a city in Amphoe Mueang, Chiang Rai Province in northern Thailand.

++History++

The city was founded by King Mangrai in 1262 and became the capital of the Mangrai dynasty. However, it lost this status soon after to a new city built by Mangrai at Chiang Mai. Subsequently, Chiang Rai was conquered by Burma and remained under Burmese rule for several hundred years. It was not until 1786 that Chiang Rai became Chiang Mai vassal. After Siam or Thailand annexed Chiang Mai in 1899 Chiang Rai was proclaimed a province of Thailand in 1933.In 1432 during the reign of King Sam Fang Kaen of Mangrai dynasty (1402-1441) the Phra Kaeo, or Emerald Buddha, The most revered Buddha figure, was discovered in Chiang Rai when an earthquake split the Chedi at Wat Phra Kaeo. The beautiful jade figure was then seen concealed within.In 1992 (B.E. 2535) the City Pillar was moved from Wat Klang Wiang to Doi Chom Thong, where it is known as Sadu Meuang (TH: สะดือเมือง), the Navel or Omphalos of the City.

เชียงราย เป็นชื่อจังหวัดที่อยู่ทางตอนเหนือที่สุดของประเทศไทย ตั้งศาลากลางที่ตำบลเวียง อำเภอเมืองเชียงราย อาณาเขตทิศเหนือจรดแคว้นเชียงตุง ประเทศพม่า โดยมีทางหลวงแผ่นดินทะลุผ่านถึงกัน ส่วนทิศตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือติดต่อกับแม่น้ำโขง ทิศตะวันออกจดทิวเขาหลวงพระบางซึ่งปันเขตแดนไทยกับลาว และติดต่อกับจังหวัดพะเยา ทิศใต้กับจังหวัดพะเยา จังหวัดลำปาง และเชียงใหม่ ส่วนทิศตะวันตกกับจังหวัดเชียงใหม่จังหวัดเชียงรายเป็นเมืองท่องเที่ยวสำคัญเมืองหนึ่งของประเทศไทย และเป็นเมืองเศรษฐกิจสำคัญตามแผนพัฒนาเศรษฐกิจชายแดนจีนตอนใต้-อินโดจีน


++ประวัติ++

ปรากฏในพงศาวดารโยนกว่า พ่อขุนเม็งรายสร้างขึ้น ณ ที่ซึ่งเดิมเป็นเวียงชัยนารายณ์ เมื่อ พ.ศ. 1805 และครองราชสมบัติอยู่ ณ เมืองเชียงรายจนถึง พ.ศ. 1839 จึงไปสร้างเมืองเชียงใหม่ขึ้นในท้องที่ระหว่างดอยสุเทพกับแม่น้ำปิง และครองราชสมบัติอยู่ ณ เมืองเชียงหม่จนถึง พ.ศ. 1860 จึงสวรรคตเพราะถูกฟ้าผ่าสำหรับเมืองเชียงรายนั้น เมื่อพ่อขุนเม็งรายย้ายไปครองราชสมบัติที่เมืองเชียงใหม่แล้ว พระราชโอรสคือ ขุนคราม หรืออีกชื่อหนึ่งว่าพระไชยสงคราม ก็ได้ครองราชสมบัติสืบต่อมา นับแต่นั้นเมืองเชียงรายก็ขึ้นต่อเมืองเชียงใหม่ครั้นต่อมาเมื่อแคว้นล้านนาไทยตกไปอยู่ในปกครองของพม่า พม่าได้ตั้งขุนนางมอญคือพระยาชิตวงศ์มาปกครองเมืองเชียงราย ซึ่งมอญก็คงครองเมืองเชียงรายสืบต่อ ๆ กันมาจนถึง พ.ศ. 2329 ปีนั้น พระยายองกับพระยาแพร่คิดด้วยกันจะสวามิภักดิ์ต่อกรุงเทพมหานคร จึงจับเอาปะกามณี แม่ทัพที่พม่าตั้งให้ปกครองเมืองเชียงราย เป็นเชลยแล้วนำตัวส่งลงมาถวายยังกรุงเทพมหานครต่อมา พ.ศ. 2330 พม่ายกกองทัพจากแคว้นเชียงตุงลงมา ตีได้เมืองเชียงแสนและเมืองเชียงราย ทัพเมืองฝางจึงเข้าสมทบทัพพม่า และทัพพม่านี้เดินทางผ่านเมืองพะเยาลงมาเอาเมืองนครลำปาง แต่ถูกไทยตีแตกพ่ายกลับไป นับแต่นั้นเมืองเชียงรายก็ร้างไปถึง พ.ศ. 2386 พระบาทสมเด็จพระนั่งเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัวจึงโปรดให้ตั้งเมืองเชียงรายขึ้นเป็นเมืองโดยให้สังกัดเมืองเชียงใหม่ กระทั่ง พ.ศ. 2453 จึงมีพระราชบัญญัติยกเมืองเชียงรายขึ้นเป็นจังหวัด

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